Jerome Robbins (born Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz; October 11, 1918 - July 29, 1998) was an American dancer, choreographer, film director, theatre director and producer who worked in classical ballet, on stage, film, and television.. In 1960, Robbins co-directed, with Robert Wise, the film adaptation of West Side Story. He created such ballets as Interplay (1945) and Facsimile (1946). Many of the movements feel physically uncomfortable, even impossible. Above all, he wanted his choreography to be authentic and relevant. Known as "Jerry" to those close to him, Robbins was given the middle name Wilson reflecting his parents' patriotic enthusiasm for the then-president, Woodrow Wilson. Robbins displayed an early interest in music, dancing, and theatrics whilst at school. The choreographer Jerome Robbins and the actor Montgomery Clift overlapped in nineteen-forties New York. What kind of music is in West Side Story? Back then, he tended to think up ideas and then find music that would suit them. February 28, 2023, By David H. Koch Theater You will only get an email when a new one is posted. A quick crash course in Jerome Robbins dance style: best known for his blend of musical theater and ballet styles, Robbins emphasized character work, relationships, and emotion in his dances. Wendy Osserman shows you what life is like fifty years out. The 2023-2024 season at the famed New York venue will also feature an evening with Tony winners Sutton Foster and Kelli O'Hara. Jerome Robbins was changing the face of musical theater entirely. The Robbins 100 tribute at the New York City Ballet continues through May 20. His style became increasingly abstract and classical, perhaps under the influence of his great idol George Balanchine, who headed the company. Among his numerous stage productions were On the Town, Peter Pan, High Button Shoes, The King and I, The Pajama Game, Bells Are Ringing, West Side Story, Gypsy, and Fiddler on the Roof. Which of these choreographers took Ballet-trained dancers and merged them with vaudeville styles to help create what would later be known as theatrical dance, or Jazz Dance? Oxford Music Online. United States. 21-22 Season photography 2020 Jacob Sutton. Its references to Giselle are contemporary and unnerving; in it, pointe shoes are wielded like stingers. Choreography by George Balanchine The George Balanchine Trust. "Bernstein's "Symphonic Dances from West Side Story", that he arranged in 1961, is in the Classical Music Canon. Robbins recreated his stage dances for The King and I for the 1956 film version. [1][2], Robbins was born Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz in the Jewish Maternity Hospital at 270 East Broadway on Manhattan's Lower East Side a neighborhood populated by many immigrants. "Bernstein, Leonard." Robbins was first known for his skillful use of contemporary American themes in ballets and Broadway and Hollywood musicals. Robbins created many important ballets for NYCB, some of the earliest being The Cage (1951), Afternoon of a Faun (1953), and The Concert (1956). The gritty reality of racism and gang warfare in West Side Story does just that. Robbins resigned as codirector of NYCB in 1990, though he continued to choreograph for the company. On May 6, 1953, Jerome Robbins was front-page . He won acclaim for highly innovative ballets structured within the traditional framework of classical dance movements. "Maybe This Time". production of Cabaret as part of our 2016-2017 KeyBank Broadway at the . The movements explode, limbs spread out as far as possible as they rocket toward the ceiling, and then are tamped down as the cave into themselves, hunching over toward the floor. Artistic, theatrical, sleeping with men and women, they might have met each other through a mutual friend or at a party or in an acting class. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. A documentary about Robbins's life and work, Something to Dance About, featuring excerpts from his journals, archival performance and rehearsal footage, and interviews with Robbins and his colleagues, premiered on PBS in 2009 and won both an Emmy and a Peabody Award the same year. | Since 1958 Robbins had worked with the ballet company he had founded, Ballets U.S.A., which toured sporadically until 1961. For American Ballet Theatre's twenty-fifth anniversary (1965), he staged Stravinsky's dance cantata, Les Noces, a work of shattering and immense impact. Jack Cole is credited as the father of theatrical jazz dance. At last, obsessed by something he'd seen done by a Brooklyn Hasid he'd . One such dance, later also performed in New York City at the 92nd Street Y, was Strange Fruit, set to the song of the same name sung by Billie Holiday. It has partnered with the Interlochen Center for the Arts to present LIBERATION, dedicated to Black artists and social justice. Hereby it becomes apparent that jazz dance is a diverse and energetic dance style in which the creativity and expressiveness of the dancers are promoted. Unlike previous choreographers, Robbins used the natural movement of the characters as the starting point for his choreography. Call it The Robbins Effect. Robbins, who would have celebrated his 100th birthday in 2018, established a new set of rules with West Side Story, rules that creators of musical theatre continue to follow to this day, whether they realize it or not. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. What does this passage suggest about Kas intuition about her father? What does intellectual property coverage mean, How can cadbury trademark the colour purple, Intellectual property employment contract clause example, Who was the choreographer of the original West Side Story, How many ballets did Jerome Robbins create, What is the style of dance in West Side Story, What are the stylistic features of jazz dance, Who is considered the father of theatrical jazz dance. Robbins was still tinkering with it as late as two weeks before "Fiddler" opened on Broadway on Sept. 22, 1964. Most importantly, he brought joy, emotional involvement and humorous pleasure to millions of people, not only in the United States, but throughout the entire world. by Terry Teachout. On the evening of his death, the lights of Broadway were dimmed for a moment in tribute. Its nearly impossible to capture Robbins style in a quick summary. Robbins use of levels mirrors Bernsteins music, which ebbs and flows as the Jets whisper-sing then yell out a startling Pop! Each component feeds off and heightens the other. In the early 1920s, the Rabinowitz family moved to Weehawken, New Jersey. [16] However, when the film received 10 Academy Awards for the 1961 award year, Robbins won two, one for his Direction and one for "Brilliant Achievements in the Art of Choreography on Film". A conceited person with no talent may still think that he or she is the _ _ _ par _ _ _. This discussion between Maria and Anita nicely sums up the motivations behind Robbins choreography in West Side Story: Robbins wanted to choreograph dances that captured the reality of American life, rather than the ideal. Following a bicycle accident in 1990 and heart-valve surgery in 1994, in 1996 he began showing signs of a form of Parkinson's disease, and his hearing was quickly deteriorating. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Of these meetings, he later claimed to have no memory. Alternate titles: Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz. Robbins has had his portrait done by some significant portraitists over the years, including Richard Avedon and Yousuf Karsh, and they are both included in the collection of photographs. He also choreographed, and in early 1944 created his first ballet, Fancy Free. Banksy; Optical art; Edward Hopper Bernstein and Robbins were frequent collaborators. House Committee on Un-American Activities, Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad, A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, Live From Studio 8H: An Evening of Jerome Robbins' Ballets, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, National Museum of Dance's Mr. & Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney Hall of Fame, "Something to dance about: new Jerome Robbins documentary", "Jerome Robbins, 79, Is Dead; Giant of Ballet and Broadway", "Sister of Jerome Robbins Dies at Fiddler's Opening Night", "Robbins's Sister Dies at 'Fiddler' Opening", "When You're a Shark You're a Shark All the Way", "Madeline Lee Gilford, 84, Actress and Activist - April 18, 2008 - The New York Sun", "Actors recall living in fear of Jerome Robbins yet dying to work with him", "Jerome Robbins Catalog of Work: The Four Seasons", NY Times, Alastair Macaulay, April 27, 2008, Archive footage of ABT (then Ballet Theatre) performing Robbins's ballet, Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing Feature Film, Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Robbins&oldid=1141826580, Choreographers of American Ballet Theatre, United States National Medal of Arts recipients, Articles with dead external links from March 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Internet Off-Broadway Database person ID same as Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 00:47. To promote authenticity, Robbins kept the cast members for the Jets and the Sharks separated from each other during rehearsals and continuously posted news stories about gang violence on the bulletin board . But watching the hour-long ballet, you sense daylight, the outdoors, and friends celebrating together to the array of Chopin mazurkas, etudes, and waltzes. He enrolled as a student at New York University, but because of his failing grades and the lasting effects of the Depression, his parents insisted he drop out and work for the family business, the Comfort Corset Company. As a result, directors took on a much greater role in the development of new musicals. Ballet gave the choreography grace; jazz and genius gave it personality. [4] He had an older sister, Sonia (1912-2004).[5][6][7]. He also paved the way for a new era of choreographer-directors, including Bob Fosse. He co-directed and choreographed the movie West Side Story (1960), for which he received two Academy Awards. Even in ballets with large casts and music by diverse composers, such as The Goldberg Variations (J.S. Photograph: Tristram Kenton. 12.2: Contemporary Ballet, Contemporary Moder, Application de la loi pnale dans le temps, Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. Sign up for reopening news, announcements, and exclusive discounts on tickets to your favorite shows! | West End; New York City. In 1948 Robbins joined the newly founded New York City Ballet (NYCB) as both dancer and choreographer, and the following year he became its associate artistic director under George Balanchine. His father and uncle opened the Comfort Corset Company in nearby Union City. This broke from traditional staging with dancers who watched each other instead of always presenting to the audience, something Robbins did frequently in his stage productions. The . Theres no story; Robbins felt strongly about that. On the stage, minstrel show performers in the 19th century developed tap dancing from a combination of Irish jigging, English clog dancing, and African rhythmic stamping. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jerome-Robbins, Public Broadcasting Service - Biography of Jerome Robbins, Official Site of the Jerome Robbins Trust and Foundation, American Ballet Theatre - Biography of Jerome Robbins, Jerome Robbins - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). He received two Academy Awards, including the 1961 Academy Award for Best Director with Robert Wise for West Side Story and a special Academy Honorary Award for his choreographic achievements on film. Stenn and Kirmser have also compiled narratives from some of the industry's most critically acclaimed performers to give you a glimpse into the life of a professional dancer. The Jerome Robbins Foundation was established to support dance, theater and their associative arts. At a time when classical dance in America was still dominated by foreign-born performers, choreographers, and impresarios, Fancy Free dealt with a contemporary American subject (three sailors on . From 1941 through 1944, Robbins was a soloist with the company, attracting notice for his performance as Hermes in Helen of Troy, the title role in Petrouchka, the Youth in Agnes de Mille's Three Virgins and a Devil, and Benvolio in Romeo and Juliet; he also came under the influence of the choreographers Michel Fokine, Antony Tudor, and George Balanchine. He also performed uncredited show doctoring on the musicals A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1951), Wish You Were Here (1952), Wonderful Town (1953), and choreographed and directed several sketches for The Ford 50th Anniversary Show, starring Mary Martin and Ethel Merman on CBS.[11]. He had the ability to make the most complex movement appear effortless, and totally reflective of the musical score, as if it were created spontaneously for that exact moment in time. See Answer See Answer See Answer done loading Jerome Robbins, the brilliant and bravura creator of pioneering American ballets and Broadway hits, died Wednesday in his Manhattan, N.Y., home. It was a simple pitch to show off Jerome Robbins' choreography and Fancy Free, a quintessential narrative ballet was born. Robbins conceived, directed, and choreographed this work, which featured a musical score by Bernstein, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and set designs by Robbins longtime collaborator Oliver Smith. Jerome Robbins, born Jerome Rabinowitz, was the son of working class Russian-Jewish immigrants. Hemiolas amp up the energy and tension of the show. In making Fancy Free, for example, he had absorbed Paul Cadmus raunchy paintings of sailors and their girlfriendspaintings with such names as Follow the Fleet and Shore Leave. Jerome Robbins became famous as an innovative choreographer for Broadway musicals such as High Button Shoes (1947) and The King and I (1951). On the other hand, the three successive duets of In the Night, which are set to Chopin nocturnes (or night music) are more elegant, more temperamental, less breeze-blown, even though each portrays a different kind of relationship. The show starred Zero Mostel as Tevye and ran for 3242 performances, setting the record (since surpassed) for longest-running Broadway show. For the Broadway stage, Robbins choreographed a string of musicals, including Billion Dollar Baby (1946), High Button Shoes (1947), and Look Ma, Im Dancin (1948). Who is someone youd like to learn more about? The photographs on this website depict choreography copyrighted by the individual choreographers. After leading Fedora earlier this season, the soprano is back at the Metropolitan Opera as Norma. Please consider supporting us bywhitelisting playbill.com with your ad blocker.Thank you! Who is considered the father of theatrical jazz dance? What piece influenced Micheal Jackson's music video, "Smooth Criminal"? It revealed ideas that were to shape Robbins work, both in ballet and on Broadway. He famously attributed his decision to join the New York City Ballet and work under Balanchine to his enchantment with her unique style of . He continued to choreograph and stage productions for both the Joffrey Ballet and the New York City Ballet into the 1970s. It revealed ideas that were to shape Robbins' work, both in ballet and on Broadway. He was a director of musicals, plays, movies, and television programs. Sondheim wrote and Robbins staged an entirely new opening number, "Comedy Tonight", which explained to the audience what was to follow, and the show played successfully from then on. In 1964, he took on a floundering Funny Girl and devised a show that ran 1348 performances. In 1940, Robbins joined Ballet Theatre (later known as American Ballet Theatre). His talents spread over dancing, choreography, script editing, directing for opera, television, and more. He won acclaim for highly innovative ballets structured within the traditional framework of classical dance movements. Cool from West Side Story showcases Robbins style: unadulterated movement telling a story about real American issues of the time. For Jerome Robbins At 101: The Quintessential Jewish American Genius. Judging by the audience reactions to In the Night, Jerome Robbins' elegant tribute to love, New Yorkers (and perhaps many of us in this modern world) need a lot more romance in their lives. Brittany Schmid shows you what life is like for a dancer one year out of college. There's been a clutch of middle-aged danseuses taking leave of life in one way or another recently. That same year, Robbins would become one of the first members of New York City's newly formed Actors Studio, attending classes held by founding member Robert Lewis three times a week, alongside classmates including Marlon Brando, Maureen Stapleton, Montgomery Clift, Herbert Berghof, Sidney Lumet, and about 20 others. The son of Russian-Jewish immigrants, Rabinowitz studied chemistry for one year at New York University before embarking on a career as a dancer in 1936. His numerous awards and academic honors included the Handel Medallion of the City of New York (1976), the Kennedy Center Honors (1981), three Honorary Doctorates, an honorary membership in the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters (1985) and in 1988 he was awarded the National Medal of the Arts.Mr. In 1949 Robbins left Ballet Theatre to join George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein's newly formed New York City Ballet as Associate Artistic Director. Grove Music Online. To be, unmistakably, itself. He grew up in Weehawken, New Jersey, and was in his late teens when he began studying at the Sandor-Sorel Dance Center in Brooklyn. Jerome Robbins movement style in West Side Story is prevalent in his previous pieces throughout his life, going back to 'Fancy Free (1944)' which was the only straight forward ballet with characters who had a strong representative focus to do with their personal characterisations in dramatic situations. and more. By the end of Cool, all of the dancers are breathing heavily, shoulders heaving up and down. Paul R. Laird and David Schiff. His career as a gifted ballet dancer developed with Ballet Theatre where he danced with special distinction the role of Petrouchka, and character roles in the works of Fokine, Tudor, Massine, Lichine and de Mille, and of course his first choreographic sensation: Fancy Free (1944). The musical is based (loosely) on the life of stripper Gypsy Rose Lee. If youd like to go down a musical rabbit hole, google hemiola. It refers to three beats of equal value squished into the time normally occupied by two beats. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered on the Atlantic Ocean. To link themes together, Bernstein uses three note motifs (expertly explained in this video). West Side Story also broke the rules in a thematic way. Robbins had romantic relationships with a number of people, including Montgomery Clift, Nora Kaye, Buzz Miller and Jess Gerstein. He had the ability to make the most complex movement appear effortless, and totally reflective of the musical score, as if it were created spontaneously for that exact moment in time. Rabinowitz was at first a shopkeeper with a delicatessen on the Upper East Side of Manhattan; in the 1920's he moved the family to Jersey City and then to Weehawken, New Jersey, where he and a brother-in-law . While a member of Sandor's company Robbins made his stage debut with the Yiddish Art Theater, in a small role in The Brothers Ashkenazi. Robbins won the Antoinette Perry (Tony) Award for best choreographer in 1948 for High Button Shoes. After graduation he went to study chemistry at New York University (NYU) but dropped out after a year for financial reasons, and to pursue dance full-time. This music is timeless. To promote authenticity, Robbins kept the cast members for the Jets and the Sharks separated from each other during rehearsals and continuously posted news stories about gang violence on the bulletin board backstage. Before quarantine, my Theater Jazz dance class was learning Cool from West Side Story. Skip to footer site map. Description. During the Second World War, in the summer of 1944, three American sailors on 24-hour shore leave enjoy a drink and wander the streets of New York in search of female company. He came down hard on artificiality and dancers who played to the audience. | Jerome Robbins, original surname Rabinowitz, (born Oct. 11, 1918, New York, N.Y., U.S.died July 29, 1998, New York City), one of the most popular and imaginative American choreographers of the 20th century. Robbins had conceived, directed, and choreographed the musical onstage and had won a Tony Award for his choreography. Robert Greskovic highlights the 49th anniversary of the premiere of the ballet Dances at a Gathering, and the intricate details of its construction which lend to its timelessness. August 14, 2014. New York, NY 10023 His career as a gifted ballet dancer developed with Ballet Theatre where he danced with special distinction the role of Petrouchka, and character roles in the works of Fokine, Tudor, Massine, Lichine and de Mille, and of course his first choreographic sensation: During this extraordinary, prolific career, Mr. Robbins served on the National Council on the Arts from 1974 to 1980, and the New York State Council on the Arts/Dance Panel from 1973 to 1988. Two years later, in creating Afternoon of a Faun, he set his imprint on Claude Dbussys Prelude laprs midi dun faun, which accompanied Vaslav Nijinskys 1912 work for Serge Diaghilevs Ballets Russes. The results were graceful, stately, and dignified, and won critical praise. Given the vast territory covered in Jerome Robbins' Broadway, the many styles that had to be assimilated by dancers unfamiliar with much of the material, and Robbins's meticulousness, the musical . Jerome Rabinowitz, (born Oct. 11, 1918, New York, N.Y., U.S.died July 29, 1998, New York City), U.S. dancer, choreographer, and . Robbins had also begun creating dances for Tamiment's Revues, some of them comic (featuring the talents of Imogene Coca and Carol Channing) and some dramatic, topical, and controversial. Starring Jason Alexander as the narrator (a performance that would win Alexander a Tony), the show included stagings of cut numbers like Irving Berlin's Mr. Monotony and well-known ones like the "Tradition" number from Fiddler on the Roof. His last work, Brandenburg, premiered there in 1997. Id thought these cracks beautiful and had made no effort to sand or polish them away, as they seemed like the woods own scars, like the one my father had on his face (para. Robbins was still highly sought after as a show doctor. Jerome Robbins was one of the 20th century's most popular ballet and Broadway musical choreographers, known for gems like West Side Story and Fiddler on the Roof. (All the photos below are thumbnails - click on them to see larger versions.) Deborah Jowitt, a dance critic and historian, is the author of Jerome Robbins: His Life, His Theater, His Dance. Such desires influenced his choreographic style and the movements he chose. Photograph by James J. Kriegsman, N.Y. Robbins was born Jerome Rabinowitz in New York on October 11, 1918, to Russian Jewish parents who came to America to flee the pogroms. He also directed and co-choreographed (with Bob Fosse) Bells Are Ringing (1956), starring Judy Holliday. First performed on April 18, 1944, this work, a piece about three sailors on shore-leave in New York City, served as inspiration for their next endeavor, the smash hit Broadway musical On The Town, which and launched a long-lasting . In 1954, Robbins collaborated with George Abbott on The Pajama Game (1954), which launched the career of Shirley MacLaine, and created, choreographed, and directed the Mary Martin vehicle, Peter Pan (which he re-staged for an Emmy Award-winning television special in 1955, earning himself a nomination for best choreography). Education photography by Rosalie O'Connor and event photography by Patricia Burmicky or John Calabrese, unless otherwise noted. Onstage in 1957 and in the 1961 film, Jerome Robbins' dances for the rival gangs and their girls were all attitude: snapping fingers, flashing teeth, flicking of skirts, tossing of heads. He received equal kudos for his work in commercial theater Broadway. Robbins died at the height of his creative powers. Arts & Expression Geneva. Robbins continued to work on Broadway, as the choreographer of two Irving Berlin shows, Miss Liberty (1949) and Call Me Madam (1950), Rodgers and Hammerstein's The King and I (1951), and Two's Company (1952), a revue starring Bette Davis. And on Broadway nearby Union City stripper Gypsy Rose Lee this article ( requires )... In 1964, he took on a floundering Funny Girl and devised a show that ran 1348.! Youd like to learn more about at last, obsessed by something he #... To link themes together, Bernstein uses three note motifs ( expertly in! For the 1956 film version 1958 Robbins had worked with the Ballet company he had what were some of the trademarks of jerome robbins' style? sister. Then, he later claimed to have no memory George Balanchine, headed. News, announcements, and more film version to learn more about that would suit.. Until 1961 Robbins died at the height of his creative powers of musicals, plays movies! 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